{"id":97,"date":"2013-05-02T20:36:00","date_gmt":"2013-05-02T18:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/public.kvcso.cz\/?p=97"},"modified":"2020-03-28T20:40:12","modified_gmt":"2020-03-28T19:40:12","slug":"i-cestinar-si-muze-pri-hodine-odpocinout","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/?p=97","title":{"rendered":"I \u010de\u0161tin\u00e1\u0159 si m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i hodin\u011b odpo\u010dinout!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku bych u\u010ditel\u016fm \u010de\u0161tiny cht\u011bla nab\u00eddnout zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zp\u016fsob v\u00fduky, kter\u00fd vede k rozvoji \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 gramotnosti, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 spl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky na mezip\u0159edm\u011btov\u00e9 vztahy a je\u0161t\u011b se v n\u011bm uplat\u0148uje kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 poskytne prostor pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci \u017e\u00e1ka, u\u010ditel z\u00edsk\u00e1 v\u00fdstup pro klasifikaci a je\u0161t\u011b si&nbsp; p\u0159i hodin\u011b &#8222;odpo\u010dine.&#8220; Tato kouzeln\u00e1 metoda se jmenuje&nbsp;<em>LITER\u00c1RN\u00cd KROU\u017dKY<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edprava u\u010ditele<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edprava na vyu\u010dovac\u00ed jednotku, na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 v\u00fduky, je nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ale na z\u00e1klad\u011b m\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed se vyplat\u00ed. V \u010dem tedy spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 metoda &#8222;Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krou\u017eky&#8220;? Jedn\u00e1 se o pr\u00e1ci s beletristick\u00fdm textem, kter\u00fd \u017e\u00e1ci sami \u010dtou a posl\u00e9ze rozeb\u00edraj\u00ed. Je nutn\u00e9 vybrat text \u010dasov\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, aby ho \u017e\u00e1ci mohli b\u011bhem 15&nbsp;minut p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst \u2013 tedy pov\u00eddku. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se \u0161k\u00e1la mo\u017enost\u00ed pov\u00eddek zn\u00e1m\u00fdch autor\u016f, jako nap\u0159. J.&nbsp;Nerudy, K.&nbsp;Pol\u00e1\u010dka, K.&nbsp;\u010capka. Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b to mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nosn\u00fd text, ze kter\u00e9ho lze vyt\u011b\u017eit p\u0159esahy do dal\u0161\u00edch obor\u016f. J\u00e1 jsem zvolila&nbsp; \u010capkovu pov\u00eddku&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1sn\u00edk<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uplatn\u011bn\u00ed metody liter\u00e1rn\u00edch krou\u017ek\u016f vy\u017eaduje rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f do skupin (nap\u0159. p\u011bti\u010dlenn\u00fdch), v nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k bude m\u00edt stanovenu svou roli. Popis rol\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravit. P\u0159\u00edru\u010dky kurzu&nbsp;<em>\u010cten\u00edm a psan\u00edm ke kritick\u00e9mu my\u0161len\u00ed<\/em>&nbsp;p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed povinn\u00e9 role: spojovatel, vedouc\u00ed diskuse, jazykov\u011bdec. Dal\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee u\u010ditel ur\u010dit s\u00e1m podle obsahu textu. Zvolila jsem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed role:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Vedouc\u00ed diskuse<\/em>&nbsp;\u2013 moderuje celou diskusi, p\u0159iprav\u00ed si n\u011bkolik ot\u00e1zek do diskuse, kter\u00e9 povedou k pochopen\u00ed textu, vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dleny skupiny k prezentov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, hl\u00edd\u00e1 vymezen\u00fd \u010das, po\u0159izuje z\u00e1znam z diskuse, m\u00e1 z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 slovo za celou skupinu a vyzdvihne nejlep\u0161\u00ed diskusn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ve skupin\u011b.<\/li><li><em>Spojovatel<\/em>&nbsp;\u2013 hled\u00e1 souvislosti s jin\u00fdmi texty t\u00e9ho\u017e autora i jin\u00fdch autor\u016f, s dobou, spole\u010dnost\u00ed. P\u0159i sd\u00edlen\u00ed se ve skupin\u011b se nejprve zept\u00e1 spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016f, jak\u00e9 souvislosti vid\u00ed oni, pak se teprve vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed k tomu, co objevil s\u00e1m.<\/li><li><em>Jazykov\u011bdec<\/em>&nbsp;\u2013 v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 si autorova jazyka, jak souvis\u00ed s dobou a prost\u0159ed\u00edm, hled\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy, hodnot\u00ed promluvy postav. Dokazuje sv\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladech.<\/li><li><em>Redaktor komer\u010dn\u00ed televize<\/em>&nbsp;\u2013 p\u0159iprav\u00ed kr\u00e1tkou report\u00e1\u017e do televizn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v o p\u0159\u00edpadu.<\/li><li><em>Psycholog<\/em>&nbsp;\u2013 pod\u00e1 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadu z odborn\u00e9ho hlediska, sv\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry \u0159ekne, a\u017e prob\u011bhne diskuse ve skupin\u011b, zda je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 situace z psychologick\u00e9ho hlediska re\u00e1ln\u00e1.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ipravila jsem d\u00e1le u\u017e jen texty pov\u00eddky pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka a dop\u0159edu rozd\u011blila t\u0159\u00eddu na skupiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u016fb\u011bh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato aktivita vy\u017eaduje dv\u011b spojen\u00e9 vyu\u010dovac\u00ed hodiny. \u017d\u00e1ci si ve skupin\u011b rozd\u011blili role. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi hodiny jsem je\u0161t\u011b &#8222;pracovala&#8220;, tedy vysv\u011btlovala, co se od ka\u017ed\u00e9 role o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1. \u017d\u00e1ci zvolili sv\u00e9ho vedouc\u00edho diskuse a ten ji\u017e organizoval \u010dinnost sv\u00e9 skupiny. N\u00e1sledovalo tich\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed pov\u00eddky. Z fotografie vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b je ticho a u\u010ditel ji\u017e &#8222;odpo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/lit_krouzek1.jpg\" alt=\"Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krou\u017eek\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krou\u017eek &#8211; \u017e\u00e1ci pracuj\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Po p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed prob\u00edhala vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Vedouc\u00ed diskuse se je\u0161t\u011b ujistil p\u0159ipraven\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami, \u017ee v\u0161ichni porozum\u011bli textu, a \u017e\u00e1ci pracovali na sv\u00fdch \u00fakolech, kter\u00e9 vyplynuly z jednotliv\u00fdch rol\u00ed ( p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 min). U\u010ditel jen naslouch\u00e1 a sleduje pr\u00e1ci, tedy zpola &#8222;odpo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1sleduje diskuse ve skupin\u00e1ch. Vedouc\u00ed umo\u017en\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9mu kr\u00e1tkou prezentaci jeho pr\u00e1ce, zhodnot\u00ed ji a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed n\u00e1slednou diskusi k jednotliv\u00fdm v\u00fdstup\u016fm. Na z\u00e1v\u011br b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed minut ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159ed ostatn\u00edmi skupinami vyhodnot\u00ed pr\u00e1ci cel\u00e9 skupiny a nech\u00e1 promluvit&nbsp; \u017e\u00e1ka s nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem. Takto se prezentuj\u00ed v\u0161echny skupiny. U\u010ditel sleduje, usm\u011br\u0148uje jednotliv\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy a &#8222;odpo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1&#8220;. Na konci zhodnot\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v\u0161ech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/lit_krouzek2.jpg\" alt=\"Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krou\u017eek\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krou\u017eek &#8211; \u017e\u00e1ci hodnot\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st&nbsp; se ji\u017e t\u00fdk\u00e1 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Metodou voln\u00e9ho psan\u00ed maj\u00ed za \u00fakol vybrat si jednu postavu z pov\u00eddky a v ich-form\u011b napsat osobn\u00ed dopis kamar\u00e1dovi o tom, jak\u00e9 pocity v nich vyvolal p\u0159\u00edpad z pov\u00eddky. Voln\u00e9 psan\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt v \u010dasov\u00e9m limitu 2-4 minut. Po tuto dobu u\u010ditel op\u011bt &#8222;odpo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1&#8220;. Nenu\u0165me \u017e\u00e1ky sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce \u010d\u00edst nahlas, ale pochvalme odv\u00e1\u017elivce. Ze sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v\u00edm, \u017ee se v\u011bt\u0161ina r\u00e1da pochlub\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edklad jedn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/lit_krouzek3.jpg\" alt=\"Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krou\u017eek - uk\u00e1zka\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e9to aktivity jsem vyu\u017eila k zad\u00e1n\u00ed \u00favahov\u00e9ho textu na t\u00e9ma: &#8222;Jak vn\u00edm\u00e1 pravdu um\u011blec?&#8220;. \u017d\u00e1ci zpracov\u00e1vali \u00favahu doma, podm\u00ednkou bylo vyu\u017e\u00edt informac\u00ed z oblasti psychologie, v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed apod. \u017d\u00e1ci vytvo\u0159ili zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u00favahy, jejich oprava byla n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Tak\u017ee v t\u00e9to z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi u\u010ditel &#8222;neodpo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reflexe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem samoz\u0159ejm\u011b necht\u011bla zleh\u010dovat \u00falohu u\u010ditele. Metoda\u00a0<em>Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krou\u017eky<\/em>\u00a0je ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 nesm\u00edrn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1. Lze ji s \u00fasp\u011bchem pou\u017e\u00edt na v\u0161ech stupn\u00edch a typech \u0161kol. V\u017edy je t\u0159eba naj\u00edt vhodn\u00fd text vzhledem k v\u011bku a \u00farovni \u017e\u00e1k\u016f a spr\u00e1vn\u011b zvolit role ve skupin\u011b. Pro \u017e\u00e1ky je tato pr\u00e1ce neobvykl\u00e1, nov\u00e1, a proto zaj\u00edmav\u00e1. Ur\u010dit\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1jmu o literaturu a rozv\u00edj\u00ed kritick\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed a my\u0161len\u00ed. Podporuje kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed. Celkov\u011b pr\u00e1ce u\u010ditele s touto metodou je ve skute\u010dnosti n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fduce, nicm\u00e9n\u011b jsem nejen &#8222;odpo\u010d\u00edvala&#8220;, ale i fotografovala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Autorka: Ilona Baarov\u00e1<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku bych u\u010ditel\u016fm \u010de\u0161tiny cht\u011bla nab\u00eddnout zaj\u00edmav\u00fd zp\u016fsob v\u00fduky, kter\u00fd vede k rozvoji \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 gramotnosti, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 spl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky na mezip\u0159edm\u011btov\u00e9 vztahy a je\u0161t\u011b se v n\u011bm uplat\u0148uje kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 poskytne prostor pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci \u017e\u00e1ka, u\u010ditel z\u00edsk\u00e1 v\u00fdstup pro klasifikaci a je\u0161t\u011b si&nbsp; p\u0159i hodin\u011b &#8222;odpo\u010dine.&#8220; Tato kouzeln\u00e1 metoda se jmenuje&nbsp;LITER\u00c1RN\u00cd&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[25,26],"class_list":["post-97","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sekce-jazyku","tag-ctenarska-gramotnost","tag-literatura"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=97"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97\/revisions\/98"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=97"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=97"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=97"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}