<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Polo\u017e\u00edme si z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: co je vlastn\u011b poh\u00e1dka a pro\u010d ji d\u011bti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u0161ichni v\u00edme z vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, jak radostn\u011b d\u011bti v\u00edtaj\u00ed poh\u00e1dku. Vzpome\u0148me sami, jak jsme v d\u011btstv\u00ed byli zaplaveni vlnou radosti, kdy\u017e p\u0159ich\u00e1zel poh\u00e1dkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Co je vlastn\u011b poh\u00e1dka? Jsou to obrazy, kter\u00e9 se v du\u0161i d\u00edt\u011bte tvo\u0159\u00ed, pokud je mu poh\u00e1dka p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1na spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. D\u011btsk\u00e1 du\u0161e t\u011bmito obrazy zraje. Poh\u00e1dky jsou pro ni doslova potravou, syt\u00ed ji. Chceme-li spr\u00e1vn\u011b vychov\u00e1vat, mus\u00edme d\u011btem poskytnout poh\u00e1dky, proto\u017ee poh\u00e1dkov\u00e9 obrazy, kter\u00fdmi vykrmujeme du\u0161evn\u00ed s\u00edly d\u00edt\u011bte, se v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed v mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pojmy. Ty d\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1klad po cel\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Poh\u00e1dka m\u00e1 prost\u011b ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu pro d\u00edt\u011b nezastupiteln\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Vyr\u016fst\u00e1-li d\u00edt\u011b bez poh\u00e1dek, \u010di poh\u00e1dkov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se citov\u011b vyprahlou bytost\u00ed, bez du\u0161evn\u00edch kvalit, tolik pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro rozvoj nap\u0159\u00edklad empatie, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed flexibilitu, \u010di um\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed nebo partnerstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prost\u011b nau\u010dit rozli\u0161ovat co je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, \u010di nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9. Nau\u010dit rozli\u0161ovat od sebe dobro a zlo, ch\u00e1pat s\u00edlu pravdy a dobra, to dok\u00e1\u017ee u d\u00edt\u011bte pr\u00e1v\u011b poh\u00e1dka. Waldorfsk\u00e1 pedagogika vn\u00edm\u00e1 poh\u00e1dku jako st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed a za\u0159azuje poh\u00e1dku do rytmu t\u00fddne dnem poh\u00e1dkov\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak\u00e9 forma, kterou je d\u011btem poh\u00e1dka p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1na, m\u00e1 sv\u016fj obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Nejzdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed poh\u00e1dky d\u011btem zn\u00e1me ji\u017e od nepam\u011bti, je to vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/em>. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato forma z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 i dnes v modern\u00ed dob\u011b pro d\u00edt\u011b nejblahod\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee dosp\u011bl\u00fd, kter\u00fd poh\u00e1dku vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, ji vlastn\u011b dop\u0159edu mus\u00ed zn\u00e1t. Ji\u017e ji str\u00e1vil a spojil se vnit\u0159n\u011b s jej\u00edmi obrazy, kter\u00e9 pak, kdy\u017e poh\u00e1dku d\u011btem vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, z vlastn\u00edch du\u0161evn\u00edch sil vyn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bti a spolu s t\u00edm i svou plnou vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast. Jako vklad nav\u00edc je zde p\u0159\u00edtomno n\u011bco ze zku\u0161enosti dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho. A to na d\u00edt\u011b hluboce p\u016fsob\u00ed, proto\u017ee dosp\u011bl\u00fd je vnit\u0159n\u011b pln\u011b \u00fa\u010dasten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pot\u0159eba sytit se v du\u0161evn\u00ed rovin\u011b obrazy je n\u00e1m d\u00e1na nejen v d\u011btstv\u00ed, ale m\u00e1me ji vlastn\u011b po cel\u00fd \u017eivot. Pro\u010d nap\u0159\u00edklad jako dosp\u011bl\u00ed m\u00e1me pot\u0159ebu \u010d\u00edst rom\u00e1ny, pro\u010d ta obrovsk\u00e1 pot\u0159eba sledovat osudy seri\u00e1lov\u00fdch postav? Ale pozor, tady je t\u0159eba poznat rozd\u00edl mezi \u010detbou a sledov\u00e1n\u00edm m\u00e9dia. P\u0159i \u010detb\u011b tvo\u0159\u00edme vlastn\u00ed imaginac\u00ed, vlastn\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00ed aktivitou ur\u010ditou pr\u00e1ci. Tvo\u0159\u00edme si obrazy, co\u017e je du\u0161evn\u00ed \u010dinnost. Pokud nejprve \u010dtu rom\u00e1n a pak jej shl\u00e9dnu v televizi jako film, jsem v\u011bt\u0161inou frustrov\u00e1na, proto\u017ee vize filmu neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 m\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed vizi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dal\u0161\u00edm bodem je spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br. V\u0161ichni v\u00edme, jakou obrovskou z\u00e1plavu v\u0161emo\u017en\u00fdch poh\u00e1dek i r\u00e1doby poh\u00e1dek na n\u00e1s val\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed modern\u00ed doba. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed n\u00e1m p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edc n\u011bco vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho z minulosti a to jsou klasick\u00e9 poh\u00e1dky. Oproti t\u011bm modern\u00edm maj\u00ed n\u011bco, co je pro d\u00edt\u011b nepostradateln\u00e9. Klasick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy s obrazy, kter\u00e9 v sob\u011b nesou, p\u016fsob\u00ed mohutn\u00fdm formuj\u00edc\u00edm dojmem na plastick\u00e9 d\u011btsk\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed s\u00edly. Tuto mohutnou s\u00edlu si p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed z d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob v\u00fdvoje lidstva. \u00dastn\u00edm pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159ech\u00e1zely z generace na generaci do doby, ne\u017e byly zachyceny a p\u00edsemn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1ny zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi sv\u011btov\u00fdmi poh\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159i, u n\u00e1s to byli K. J. Erben a B. N\u011bmcov\u00e1. V N\u011bmecku nap\u0159\u00edklad brat\u0159i Grimmov\u00e9. Ze seversk\u00fdch proud\u016f zase \u010derpal H. Ch. Andersen. Klasick\u00e9 poh\u00e1dky jsou nevy\u010derpatelnou studnou pro zdrav\u00fd v\u00fdvoj du\u0161evn\u00edch, mor\u00e1ln\u011b lidsk\u00fdch kvalit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jako nepostradateln\u00fd prvek vn\u00edm\u00e1 waldorfsk\u00e1 pedagogika i atmosf\u00e9ru, kterou je pot\u0159eba navodit p\u0159ed samotn\u00edm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm. Toti\u017e ud\u011blat ze z\u00e1\u017eitku v\u0161edn\u00edho pro d\u00edt\u011b z\u00e1\u017eitek nev\u0161edn\u00ed. Tento slovy t\u011b\u017eko posti\u017eiteln\u00fd prvek je ale pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u00edm nejv\u00edce pro d\u00edt\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm. Kdy\u017e jim rozsv\u00edt\u00edme poh\u00e1dkov\u00e9 sv\u011bt\u00e9lko, kdy\u017e \u0159ekneme:\u00a0„\u2026za dve\u0159mi \u010dek\u00e1 poh\u00e1dka\u2026“<\/em>\u00a0a zazvon\u011bn\u00edm na zvone\u010dek ji p\u0159ivol\u00e1me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Autorka: Dagmar Kunzov\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Polo\u017e\u00edme si z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: co je vlastn\u011b poh\u00e1dka a pro\u010d ji d\u011bti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed? V\u0161ichni v\u00edme z vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, jak radostn\u011b d\u011bti v\u00edtaj\u00ed poh\u00e1dku. Vzpome\u0148me sami, jak jsme v d\u011btstv\u00ed byli zaplaveni vlnou radosti, kdy\u017e p\u0159ich\u00e1zel poh\u00e1dkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Co je vlastn\u011b poh\u00e1dka? Jsou to obrazy, kter\u00e9 se v du\u0161i d\u00edt\u011bte tvo\u0159\u00ed, pokud je mu poh\u00e1dka p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[12,13],"class_list":["post-38","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sekce-materskych-skol","tag-materska-skola","tag-pohadka"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38\/revisions\/82"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}