{"id":195,"date":"2014-09-26T15:29:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-26T13:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/public.kvcso.cz\/?p=195"},"modified":"2022-04-04T22:32:59","modified_gmt":"2022-04-04T20:32:59","slug":"zalohovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/?p=195","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

To nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel ve sv\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di m\u00e1, nen\u00ed jeho rychl\u00fd disk nebo posledn\u00ed model grafick\u00e9 karty, ale jeho data. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d si p\u0159i tro\u0161e n\u00e1mahy po\u0159\u00edd\u00edm znovu, ale sv\u00e1 data u\u017e nikoliv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud parafr\u00e1zuji slova zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho myslitele a soci\u00e1ln\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdra v\u0161ech dob, tak  v informatice plat\u00ed: „Z\u00e1lohovat, z\u00e1lohovat, z\u00e1lohovat“. Ne nadarmo se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1lohuj\u00ed ti, kte\u0159\u00ed o sv\u00e1 data u\u017e p\u0159i\u0161li. Pokus\u00edm se tedy uk\u00e1zat, jak se co nejjednodu\u0161eji a hlavn\u011b co nejrychleji dostanu po p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 hav\u00e1rii nebo ztr\u00e1t\u011b po\u010d\u00edta\u010de znovu do formy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed dat sv\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nesm\u00edm zapomenout na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1lohy \u2013 rozhodn\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt z\u00e1loha ulo\u017eena na jin\u00e9m m\u00e9diu a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 toto m\u00e9dium ukl\u00e1dat odd\u011blen\u011b od z\u00e1lohovan\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. P\u0159edejdu tak mo\u017en\u00e9mu zklam\u00e1n\u00ed z nemo\u017enosti obnovit sv\u016fj kompletn\u00ed stav po\u010d\u00edta\u010de v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kr\u00e1de\u017ee, po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo \u017eiveln\u00e9 katastrofy, kdy v\u011bt\u0161inou dojde ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b nejenom po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, ale i z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed. Ze stejn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu tak\u00e9 nevyhov\u00ed z\u00e1loha na dal\u0161\u00ed pevn\u00fd disk, kter\u00fd si za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem namontuji do sv\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de \u2013 uchr\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011b p\u0159ed hardwarovou chybou pevn\u00e9ho disku, ale nikoli p\u0159ed v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi katastrofami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 z\u00e1loha mus\u00ed tedy b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bna bu\u010f na extern\u00edm disku, kter\u00fd umis\u0165uji na m\u00edsto vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 od po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, nebo na n\u011bjak\u00e9m s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m \u00falo\u017ei\u0161ti. Volba, kam budu z\u00e1lohovat, se odv\u00edj\u00ed od technick\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. Pokud m\u00e1m k dispozici s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b, a hlavn\u011b pokud tento zp\u016fsob podporuje m\u016fj opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, tak je tato varianta nejsnadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cestou. Pokud nem\u00e1m mo\u017enost ukl\u00e1dat na s\u00ed\u0165, tak se nab\u00edz\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed extern\u00edho pevn\u00e9ho disku, kter\u00fd obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ve variant\u011b 2,5″ nab\u00edz\u00ed jednoduchou manipulaci, a i v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b levnou variantu. Pokud nav\u00edc spln\u00edm i po\u017eadavek ulo\u017een\u00ed takov\u00e9hoto z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edho m\u00e9dia na m\u00edsto mimo hlavn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d nebo notebook, tak jsem ud\u011blal maximum mo\u017en\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je i rozhodnut\u00ed, kdy se bude z\u00e1loha vytv\u00e1\u0159et. Mus\u00edm si rozmyslet, zda budu tento zp\u016fsob z\u00e1loh pou\u017e\u00edvat jako jedin\u00fd (nap\u0159\u00edklad bez n\u011bjak\u00e9ho \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch dat), a tak\u00e9 jak intenzivn\u011b na sv\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di pracuji. Jinou metodu bych doporu\u010doval u\u017eivateli, kter\u00fd pracuje na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di jednou nebo dvakr\u00e1t do t\u00fddne, a jinou u\u017eivateli, kter\u00fd pracuje ka\u017ed\u00fd den, m\u00e1 denn\u011b n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch dokument\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vede \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed n\u011bkolika firm\u00e1m. U prvn\u00edho bych volil z\u00e1lohu jednou za t\u00fdden, u druh\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele jednou za den na konci pracovn\u00edho dne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud nem\u00e1m po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti, tak nejlep\u0161\u00ed metodou je se spolehnout na n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 jsou dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny spole\u010dn\u011b s opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Windows<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm desktopov\u00e9m opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu (alespo\u0148 na evropsk\u00e9m kontinentu) je k dispozici n\u00e1stroj Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a obnoven\u00ed. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed volbou je prvotn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed metody z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u010dasu. Budu p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee mi bude sta\u010dit z\u00e1lohovat jednou za t\u00fdden v p\u00e1tek odpoledne ve 14 hodin. Budu tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010d bude zapnut\u00fd a budu m\u00edt p\u0159ipojen\u00fd extern\u00ed disk, kter\u00fd budu pou\u017e\u00edvat jen pro z\u00e1lohy dat a po z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed ho v\u017edy uklid\u00edm do trezoru (alespo\u0148 v jin\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1stroje z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed ve Windows 7: http:\/\/youtu.be\/Y0i2waCPAao<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i prvn\u00edm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a obnoven\u00ed si nastav\u00edm cestu pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1loh, \u010das a opakov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1loh (p\u00e1tek, 14 hodin) a nech\u00e1m na opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu rozhodnut\u00ed, jakou metodu m\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edt (bitov\u00e1 kopie syst\u00e9mu a u\u017eivatelsk\u00e1 data).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i prvn\u00edm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje Z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed a obnoven\u00ed si opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m vytvo\u0159\u00ed prvotn\u00ed z\u00e1lohu bez ohledu na \u010dasov\u00fd pl\u00e1n. Dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1lohy bude potom tvo\u0159it u\u017e podle \u010dasov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd jsem si nastavil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GNU\/Linux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V GNU\/Linuxu je pro z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed metodou pou\u017eit\u00ed programu rsync<\/strong>. Tento program m\u00e1 bohatou n\u00e1pov\u011bdu dostupnou bu\u010f p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edkaz man rsync<\/em>, nebo pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu rsync -h<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednoduch\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 z\u00e1lohov\u00e1n\u00ed dat v\u0161ech u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch dat v syst\u00e9mu by mohl vypadat takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n