{"id":182,"date":"2014-09-19T15:04:00","date_gmt":"2014-09-19T13:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/public.kvcso.cz\/?p=182"},"modified":"2020-03-29T15:07:14","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T13:07:14","slug":"prace-v-dilnach-tradicne-a-prece-jinak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/?p=182","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1ce v d\u00edln\u00e1ch tradi\u010dn\u011b a p\u0159ece jinak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Jak to ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1, \u0159ada vyu\u010dovac\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f m\u00e1 ve \u0161koln\u00edch programech m\u00edsto na slunci p\u0159edem zaji\u0161t\u011bno, jin\u00e9 v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt Popelkou, a to doslovn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee jsem na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta u\u010dil fyziku a d\u00edlny, tak v\u00edm, o \u010dem mluv\u00edm. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00fduce d\u00edlen (sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed) jsem v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech v\u011bnoval pozornost. Setk\u00e1val jsem se \u010dasto s d\u011btmi, jejich\u017e schopnost n\u011bco vyrobit nebo opravit byla prakticky nulov\u00e1. Jejich p\u0159\u00edstup k pr\u00e1ci v\u0161ak dot\u010den nebyl. Probl\u00e9m jsem hledal v rodin\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 ve \u0161kole. Ono toti\u017e vyu\u010dovat d\u00edlny nen\u00ed a\u017e takov\u00e1 legrace, jak si mnoz\u00ed mysl\u00ed. N\u00e1pl\u0148 vyu\u010dovac\u00edch hodin a pracovn\u00ed postupy se n\u00e1m des\u00edtky let nezm\u011bnily. N\u00e1m\u011bty st\u00e1le \u010derp\u00e1me ze star\u00fdch v\u00fdkres\u016f rozmno\u017een\u00fdch je\u0161t\u011b cyklostylem, jejich\u017e p\u016fvod sah\u00e1 n\u011bkam do \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Dalo by se skoro \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee m\u00e1me vystar\u00e1no. Ale n\u00e1m p\u0159i praktick\u00e9 v\u00fduce ji\u017e dlouhou dobu uj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed vlak. Chyba nen\u00ed ve star\u00fdch n\u00e1m\u011btech, ale v jejich realizaci. \u010cas se nezastavil, zru\u0161ila se materi\u00e1lov\u00e1 st\u0159ediska, z\u00e1jem \u017e\u00e1k\u016f se nasm\u011broval jinam a jemn\u00e1 motorika se uplat\u0148uje pouze u palce ruky dr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b mobiln\u00ed telefon.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u0160MT a Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 komora m\u00e1 proto v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b snahu tento nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd stav v technick\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it hled\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00e9 formy pro n\u00e1vrat k&nbsp;d\u00edln\u00e1m. Vypad\u00e1 to tedy, \u017ee technick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a manu\u00e1ln\u00ed zru\u010dnost budou m\u00edt ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed po \u010dase op\u011bt zelenou a n\u00e1m nezbude nic jin\u00e9ho, ne\u017e se tomuto trendu p\u0159izp\u016fsobit. Proto\u017ee se n\u00e1m pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ji\u017e nepoda\u0159\u00ed vymyslet n\u011bco zcela nov\u00e9ho, budeme se muset zam\u011b\u0159it alespo\u0148 na drobn\u00e9 inovace. P\u0159ij\u00edt s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co \u017e\u00e1ky zaujme natolik, \u017ee tu pr\u00e1ci budou opravdu cht\u00edt d\u011blat. Zde se talent u\u010ditele m\u016f\u017ee projevit naplno, ale jenom ten nesta\u010d\u00ed. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed model dob\u0159e funguj\u00edc\u00ed manufaktury mus\u00ed j\u00edt stranou s t\u00edm, \u017ee se pokus\u00edme pr\u00e1ci posunout do oblasti z\u00e1bavy. Pro \u017e\u00e1ky za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 motivace tam, kde jsou schopni svou vlastn\u00ed snahou a \u0161ikovnost\u00ed vyrobit n\u011bco smyslupln\u00e9ho a praktick\u00e9ho, n\u011bco co je vnit\u0159n\u011b uspokoj\u00ed a s \u010d\u00edm se budou moci pochlubit i doma. Mus\u00edme v\u0161ak za\u010d\u00edt hned v \u0161est\u00e9m ro\u010dn\u00edku, dokud se je\u0161t\u011b na nov\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt t\u011b\u0161\u00ed a nejsou zat\u00ed\u017eeni \u0161patn\u00fdmi n\u00e1vyky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jak na to?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017d\u00e1ky m\u016f\u017eeme motivovat v\u00fdb\u011brem a sou\u010dasn\u011b uk\u00e1zkou vhodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku. Tady podle zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159eje p\u0159ipraven\u00fdm, je dobr\u00e9 m\u00edt p\u0159i ruce sb\u00edrku vhodn\u00fdch n\u00e1m\u011bt\u016f, kterou ji\u017e \u0159ada \u0161kol vlastn\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se mi osv\u011bd\u010dilo heslo &#8222;j\u00edt p\u0159\u00edkladem&#8220;, co\u017e v praxi znamen\u00e1 s\u00e1m p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bt pracovn\u00ed postup. V\u011bt\u0161inou to u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed spoustu pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed. Promy\u0161len\u00fd pracovn\u00ed postup a modern\u00ed technick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pr\u00e1ci usnadnit a tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychlit. Vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na v\u00fdrobku by nem\u011bla p\u0159es\u00e1hnout \u010dty\u0159i vyu\u010dovac\u00ed hodiny, jinak to \u017e\u00e1ky p\u0159estane bavit. Pokud dodr\u017e\u00edme v\u0161echna sv\u00e1 dobr\u00e1 p\u0159edsevzet\u00ed, budou m\u00edt dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky i ti m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161ikovn\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si jinak v d\u00edln\u00e1ch moc radosti neu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.&nbsp; A tady jsem na\u0161el zlomov\u00fd bod, kter\u00fd si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost. Ten v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnil cel\u00fd m\u016fj dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k pr\u00e1ci v d\u00edln\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/dilny\/uhlova_pila2.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00edlny\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u00dahlov\u00e1 pila<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vid\u011bli jste n\u011bkdy \u017e\u00e1ka \u0161est\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edku, jak \u0159e\u017ee prkno pilou ohonkou nebo se sna\u017e\u00ed struh\u00e1kem srovnat \u010delo hranolu? Ani stopa po radosti a o v\u00fdsledku rad\u011bji nemluv\u00edm. Vy\u0159adit tyto pracovn\u00ed v\u00fdkony ale z pracovn\u00edho procesu nejde. Zde mi v\u0161ak pomohla n\u00e1hoda. V jak\u00e9si v\u00fdprodejov\u00e9 akci jsem do \u0161koln\u00ed d\u00edlny koupil \u010dty\u0159i \u00fahlov\u00e9 pily o d\u00e9lce 550&nbsp;mm, kter\u00e9 jsem um\u00edstil mimo pracovn\u00ed stoly \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Pily jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a \u0159ez je dokonal\u00fd. Nav\u00edc se \u017e\u00e1ci u\u010d\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed. Netu\u0161il jsem v\u0161ak, jak\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem pro praktickou v\u00fduku skute\u010dn\u011b budou. Te\u010f si nostalgicky \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, pro\u010d mne to nenapadlo alespo\u0148 p\u0159ed t\u0159iceti lety. \u017d\u00e1k\u016fm jsem t\u00edm dal obrovsk\u00fd prostor pro samostatnou pr\u00e1ci a pocit nez\u00e1vislosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/dilny\/bruska2a.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00edlny\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>P\u00e1sov\u00e1 bruska<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e jsem po \u010dase p\u0159idal malou a bezpe\u010dnou p\u00e1sovou brusku v kombinaci s \u010deln\u00ed kotou\u010dovou bruskou, pracovn\u00ed nad\u0161en\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f neznalo mez\u00ed. R\u00e1d bych p\u0159ipomenul, \u017ee jsem nezbytn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed \u00fakony, jako je \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a brou\u0161en\u00ed, jen p\u0159izp\u016fsobil schopnostem \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. To bylo vlastn\u011b v\u0161e. V\u00fdsledky se uk\u00e1zaly okam\u017eit\u011b. Pracovn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed v hodin\u00e1ch stouplo minim\u00e1ln\u011b o 100&nbsp;% a to v kvalit\u011b, o kter\u00e9 se mi v minulosti ani nesnilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad z praxe<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>R\u00e1d bych v\u00fdhody tohoto projektu dokumentoval na p\u0159\u00edkladu d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho pokosn\u00edku, kter\u00fd jsem se \u017e\u00e1ky sedm\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edku vyr\u00e1b\u011bl na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161koln\u00edho roku. Plat\u00ed to v\u0161ak obecn\u011b pro v\u0161echny v\u00fdrobky. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci vyu\u017eijeme mo\u017enost\u00ed \u00fahlov\u00e9 pily, kombinovan\u00e9 brusky a stojanov\u00e9 vrta\u010dky. \u017d\u00e1ci se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed u n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b si mohou pom\u00e1hat. Sledujme tedy pr\u00e1ci jednoho \u017e\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/dilny\/pokosnik_vykres.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00edlny\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>V\u00fdkres pokosn\u00edku<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>\u0158e\u017eeme<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211; na v\u00fdrobu pokosn\u00edku pot\u0159ebujeme t\u0159i hranolky 130 mm dlouh\u00e9. Nastav\u00edme zar\u00e1\u017eku a v\u0161ichni si mohou sv\u00e9 d\u00edly u\u0159\u00edznout. Nemus\u00ed m\u011b\u0159it.<\/li><li><em>Brous\u00edme<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211; \u010dela hranolk\u016f po \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed jen lehce zabrous\u00edme brusn\u00fdm pap\u00edrem, proto\u017ee \u0159ez je dokonal\u00fd.<\/li><li><em>\u0158e\u017eeme<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211; na pile nastav\u00edme pokos 60\u00b0 a u\u0159\u00edzneme rozp\u011brac\u00ed podlo\u017eku.<\/li><li><em>Brous\u00edme<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211; za\u010dist\u00edme \u010dela, na del\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti prost\u0159edn\u00edho prav\u00edtka nar\u00fdsujeme kru\u017enici a oblouk vybrous\u00edme na kotou\u010dov\u00e9 brusce.<\/li><li><em>Lep\u00edme<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211; \u017e\u00e1ci na sv\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm stole nanesou lepidlo na ob\u011b strany rozp\u011brac\u00ed desti\u010dky a v\u0161echny d\u00edly slo\u017e\u00ed tak, aby l\u00edcovaly. Stiskneme svorkou.<\/li><li><em>Vrt\u00e1me<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211; po deseti minut\u00e1ch, kdy\u017e lepidlo zaschne, ozna\u010d\u00edme si m\u00edsta pro \u010depy a vrt\u00e1kem na d\u0159evo vyvrt\u00e1me dv\u011b d\u00edry o pr\u016fm\u011bru 6 mm.<\/li><li><em>\u0158e\u017eeme a lep\u00edme<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211; z kulatiny si u\u0159\u00edzneme dva \u010depy a vlep\u00edme je do d\u011br.<\/li><li><em>Vrt\u00e1me a brous\u00edme<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211; vyvrt\u00e1me d\u00edru na vratov\u00fd \u0161roub, cel\u00fd r\u00e1m p\u0159ebrous\u00edme na p\u00e1sov\u00e9 brusce a slo\u017e\u00edme. Dot\u00e1hneme k\u0159\u00eddlovou matic\u00ed.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/dilny\/pokosnik.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00edlny\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Vyroben\u00fd pokosn\u00edk<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1me hotovo. V\u0161imn\u011bte si, kolik pracovn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f \u017e\u00e1k mus\u00ed ud\u011blat, aby v\u00fdrobek dokon\u010dil a p\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee v\u00fdrobu organizujete ve sv\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed d\u00edln\u011b s p\u016fvodn\u00edm n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud byste m\u011bli z\u00e1jem o dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdukov\u00e9 postupy, najdete je na webu\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.prace-v-dilnach.webnode.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\">www.prace-v-dilnach.webnode.cz<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Autor: Jaroslav Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak to ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1, \u0159ada vyu\u010dovac\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f m\u00e1 ve \u0161koln\u00edch programech m\u00edsto na slunci p\u0159edem zaji\u0161t\u011bno, jin\u00e9 v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt Popelkou, a to doslovn\u011b. Proto\u017ee jsem na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta u\u010dil fyziku a d\u00edlny, tak v\u00edm, o \u010dem mluv\u00edm. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00fduce d\u00edlen (sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed) jsem v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech v\u011bnoval pozornost&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[17],"class_list":["post-182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sekce-vychov","tag-polytechnika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=182"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":183,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182\/revisions\/183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}