Sport nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou mo\u017enost k formov\u00e1n\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00edch hodnot a postoj\u016f na\u0161ich d\u011bt\u00ed, proto\u017ee v n\u011bm z\u00edskan\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky se n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed i do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u011b na n\u00e1s, na u\u010ditel\u00edch, tren\u00e9rech a vedouc\u00edch z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f, zda tento n\u00e1stroj spr\u00e1vn\u011b uchop\u00edme a poda\u0159\u00ed se n\u00e1m ho kladn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt ve v\u00fdchov\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ji\u017e od prad\u00e1vna, od dob sv\u00e9ho vzniku, jsou ur\u010dit\u00e1 pravidla p\u0159irozenou a ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 sportovn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, proto\u017ee stanovuj\u00ed podm\u00ednky jej\u00edho provozov\u00e1n\u00ed. Existence jak\u00e9hokoliv sportu bez jasn\u00fdch pravidel je nemysliteln\u00e1. Pochopiteln\u011b, \u017ee soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s v\u00fdvojem jednotliv\u00fdch sportovn\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00ed, n\u00e1stupem nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed i k v\u00fdvoji t\u011bchto pravidel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve \u0161koln\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 v\u00fdchov\u011b i v z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fatvarech a sportovn\u00edch odd\u00edlech je p\u0159i n\u00e1cviku pohybov\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed a rozvoji pohybov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed z metodick\u00e9ho hlediska vhodn\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e1 pravidla do\u010dasn\u011b \u00fa\u010delov\u011b pozm\u011b\u0148ovat, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vypou\u0161t\u011bt nebo naopak p\u0159id\u00e1vat. C\u00edlem takov\u00fdch \u00faprav je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed efektivity motorick\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed, c\u00edlen\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnosti nebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed motivace. B\u011bhem moj\u00ed pedagogick\u00e9 praxe se mi osv\u011bd\u010dilo mnoho metodick\u00fdch doporu\u010den\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se n\u00e1cviku r\u016fzn\u00fdch sportovn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u00faprav\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch pravidel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nap\u0159\u00edklad v lehkoatletick\u00e9 discipl\u00edn\u011b skok dalek\u00fd ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed pravidla striktn\u011b hl\u00eddaj\u00ed, zda se z\u00e1vodn\u00edk neodrazil za ur\u010den\u00fdm m\u00edstem, tzv. nep\u0159e\u0161l\u00e1pl. V \u00favodu n\u00e1cviku skoku dalek\u00e9ho v\u0161ak nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 na toto pravidlo kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz, proto\u017ee se \u017e\u00e1ci p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 soust\u0159ed\u00ed na p\u0159esn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed odrazu m\u00edsto toho, aby se koncentrovali na jeho spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 proveden\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je vysv\u011btlit \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm, jak se spr\u00e1vn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017eet a podotknout, aby se sna\u017eili odr\u00e1\u017eet zhruba v t\u011bch m\u00edstech, kde je odrazov\u00e9 prkno. U prvn\u00edch pokus\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme m\u011b\u0159it sko\u010denou vzd\u00e1lenost od m\u00edsta odrazu, nikoliv od odrazov\u00e9ho prkna, p\u0159esto\u017ee ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed pravidla nic takov\u00e9ho nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed. Podobn\u00fdch metodick\u00fdch doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou v rozporu s ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmi atletick\u00fdmi pravidly je v\u00edce. Z vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti doporu\u010duji videomateri\u00e1ly pro v\u00fduku atletiky<\/a> zpracovan\u00e9 Masarykovou univerzitou v Brn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0159i n\u00e1cviku gymnastick\u00fdch prvk\u016f je vhodn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et takov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed usnadn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kotouly zpo\u010d\u00e1tku prov\u00e1d\u00edme na \u0161ikm\u00e9 plo\u0161e, aby se t\u011blo sn\u00e1ze p\u0159eto\u010dilo. U \u0159ady prvk\u016f je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed tzv. dopomoc a z\u00e1chrana, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b u star\u0161\u00edch cvi\u010denc\u016f za\u0161kolen\u00fd spolu\u017e\u00e1k, aktivn\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 s proveden\u00edm cviku a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaji\u0161\u0165uje jeho bezpe\u010dnost. P\u0159i gymnastick\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei v\u0161ak samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nic takov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 nen\u00ed. V metodice sportovn\u00ed gymnastiky hraje dopomoc a z\u00e1chrana velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou roli a proto je t\u0159eba j\u00ed v\u011bnovat n\u00e1le\u017eitou pozornost. Mohu v\u0159ele doporu\u010dit nov\u00e9 metodick\u00e9 videomateri\u00e1ly pro sportovn\u00ed gymnastiku<\/a>vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 FSPS MUNI v r\u00e1mci projektu „S d\u011btmi v pohod\u011b“, ve kter\u00fdch najdete v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n U sportovn\u00edch her je \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no \u00fapravy pravidel pro zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na n\u011bkterou hern\u00ed \u010dinnost. Nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1kaz driblinku v basketbalu \u010di h\u00e1zen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me k rozvoji dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1me uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed s m\u00ed\u010dem a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed bez m\u00ed\u010de. Obdobn\u00e9ho efektu dos\u00e1hneme v kopan\u00e9 a florbalu, kdy\u017e zak\u00e1\u017eeme veden\u00ed m\u00ed\u010de a ka\u017ed\u00e9mu hr\u00e1\u010di dovol\u00edme pouze jeden nebo dva doteky m\u00ed\u010de. Volejbalov\u00e9 souh\u0159e zase prosp\u011bje, kdy\u017e bude muset dru\u017estvo povinn\u011b hr\u00e1t na t\u0159i doteky m\u00ed\u010de (p\u0159\u00edjem, nahr\u00e1vka, \u00fato\u010dn\u00fd \u00fader) a odehr\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00ed\u010de k soupe\u0159i prvn\u00edm \u010di druh\u00fdm \u00faderem bude pova\u017eov\u00e1no za chybu, p\u0159esto\u017ee ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed pravidla to umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi \u00fapravami pravidel m\u016f\u017eeme uleh\u010dit za\u010d\u00e1tky technicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sport\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve volejbale umo\u017en\u00edme pod\u00e1vat z krat\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti uvnit\u0159 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b nebo dovol\u00edme prv\u00ed m\u00ed\u010d od soupe\u0159e (p\u0159\u00edjem) chytit a a\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u011b pokra\u010dovat volejbalov\u00fdmi \u00fadery. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm basketbalist\u016fm pom\u016f\u017eeme, kdy\u017e p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed utk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159imhou\u0159\u00edme oko nad n\u011bkter\u00fdmi technick\u00fdmi p\u0159estupky (kroky, p\u0159eru\u0161ovan\u00fd driblink), nebo\u0165 p\u0159i striktn\u00edm posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto pravidel by si moc nezahr\u00e1li.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00fd\u0161e popisovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady \u00fa\u010delov\u00fdch \u00faprav ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch pravidel maj\u00ed za spole\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed osvojov\u00e1n\u00ed sportovn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed a maj\u00ed metodicky u\u0161lechtil\u00e1 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed. Citliv\u011b je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba odli\u0161ovat takov\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edpady od pravidel, kter\u00e1 stanovuj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy sportovn\u00ed discipl\u00edny a kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed f\u00e9rovost sportovn\u00edho sout\u011b\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jako u\u010ditel\u00e9 bychom rozhodn\u011b nem\u011bli tolerovat jak\u00e9koliv projevy nesportovn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011bli bychom vynalo\u017eit maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed a v\u0161emo\u017en\u00e9 pedagogick\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed na jejich odstran\u011bn\u00ed nebo alespo\u0148 omezen\u00ed. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejn\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed v tomto ohledu jsou sportovn\u00ed hry<\/em>. Utk\u00e1n\u00ed ve sportovn\u00edch hr\u00e1ch by m\u011bl proto sv\u011bdomit\u011b a pozorn\u011b rozhodovat u\u010ditel a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby v\u010das a vhodn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zakro\u010dit p\u0159i projevech nesportovn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00famysln\u00e9 fauly, ur\u00e1\u017eky, hrubosti \u010di zesm\u011b\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed soupe\u0159e nebo i spoluhr\u00e1\u010de. V\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady doporu\u010duji \u0159e\u0161it jako k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 p\u0159estupky s uplatn\u011bn\u00edm v\u0161ech dostupn\u00fdch n\u00e1pravn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00e1le\u017eitou pozornost je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat t\u00e9\u017e pravidl\u016fm zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edm bezpe\u010dnost. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00faraz je nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd a \u00faraz v t\u011blesn\u00e9 v\u00fdchov\u011b obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165. Proto bychom nem\u011bli riskovat nepat\u0159i\u010dnou ned\u016fslednost\u00ed a ohl\u00eddat si mo\u017en\u00e1 zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 drobnosti, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad aby \u017e\u00e1ci necvi\u010dili bosi (vyjma gymnastiky, kde je to naopak vhodn\u00e9), aby se v\u0161ichni v \u00favodu hodiny rozcvi\u010dili, aby brank\u00e1\u0159i ve florbale nehr\u00e1li bez ochrann\u00fdch masek, aby v\u0161ichni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00fdcviku m\u011bli p\u0159ilby a rukavice za ka\u017ed\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sport nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou mo\u017enost k formov\u00e1n\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00edch hodnot a postoj\u016f na\u0161ich d\u011bt\u00ed, proto\u017ee v n\u011bm z\u00edskan\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky se n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed i do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u011b na n\u00e1s, na u\u010ditel\u00edch, tren\u00e9rech a vedouc\u00edch z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f, zda tento n\u00e1stroj spr\u00e1vn\u011b uchop\u00edme a poda\u0159\u00ed se n\u00e1m ho kladn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt ve v\u00fdchov\u011b. Bohu\u017eel i ve sportu se projevuj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 negativn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 trendy, jako jsou honba za \u00fasp\u011bchem a prosazen\u00edm se za ka\u017edou cenu, tedy i za cenu poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed norem sportovn\u00edch, mor\u00e1ln\u00edch a \u010dasto i z\u00e1konn\u00fdch. O to n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je p\u011bstovat u d\u011bt\u00ed a ml\u00e1de\u017ee smysl pro mor\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost a f\u00e9rov\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017een\u00ed nejen v rovin\u011b sportovn\u00ed. Bude n\u00e1s to st\u00e1t st\u00e1le v\u00edce sil, vytrvalosti, d\u016fslednosti a pedagogick\u00e9ho umu. Tak n\u00e1m p\u0159eji mnoho zdaru!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Autor: Ji\u0159\u00ed Bene\u0161<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sport nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou mo\u017enost k formov\u00e1n\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00edch hodnot a postoj\u016f na\u0161ich d\u011bt\u00ed, proto\u017ee v n\u011bm z\u00edskan\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky se n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed i do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u011b na n\u00e1s, na u\u010ditel\u00edch, tren\u00e9rech a vedouc\u00edch z\u00e1jmov\u00fdch \u00fatvar\u016f, zda tento n\u00e1stroj spr\u00e1vn\u011b uchop\u00edme a poda\u0159\u00ed se n\u00e1m ho kladn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt ve v\u00fdchov\u011b. Ji\u017e od prad\u00e1vna, od dob sv\u00e9ho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[64,67],"class_list":["post-178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sekce-vychov","tag-sport","tag-telesna-vychova"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=178"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":179,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178\/revisions\/179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}