{"id":171,"date":"2014-02-14T14:47:00","date_gmt":"2014-02-14T13:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/public.kvcso.cz\/?p=171"},"modified":"2020-03-29T14:49:34","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T12:49:34","slug":"vyuka-tematu-druhe-svetove-valky-pomoci-prikladu-z-regionalnich-dejin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/?p=171","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fduka t\u00e9matu druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f z region\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011bjin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00e9ma novodob\u00fdch d\u011bjin 20. stolet\u00ed n\u011bkdy \u010din\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fduce d\u011bjepisu probl\u00e9my, zejm\u00e9na vzhledem k jejich obs\u00e1hlosti, slo\u017eitosti \u010di politick\u00e9mu zabarven\u00ed. P\u0159i v\u00fduce t\u00e9to l\u00e1tky b\u00fdv\u00e1 pro \u017e\u00e1ky zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm srovn\u00e1n\u00edm a mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak jim tyto d\u011bjiny p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit, vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f z region\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sokolovsko nab\u00edz\u00ed na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v tomto ohledu pom\u011brn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, jak na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkladech uk\u00e1zat slo\u017eitost tehdej\u0161\u00ed doby, souboj demokracie a totality, vzestup nacionalismu a \u0161ovinismu a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i hr\u016fzy holocaustu, jen\u017e je s\u00e1m o sob\u011b v r\u00e1mci d\u011bjin druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky vlastn\u00ed tematickou hmotou. Tv\u00e1\u0159 Sokolovska tak\u00e9 poskytuje nem\u00e1lo l\u00e1tky k v\u00fdkladu d\u011bjin pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K samotn\u00e9 v\u00fduce region\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011bjin se nab\u00edz\u00ed mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt dostupnou literaturu, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak zat\u00edm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a faktograficky p\u0159esn\u00e1 nen\u00ed, dobov\u00fd tisk, archiv\u00e1lie \u010di fotografie. To v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 u\u010ditel\u016fv hlub\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem a znalosti. Vyu\u017e\u00edt lze proto nap\u0159\u00edklad autorovy prezentace, je\u017e jsou um\u00edst\u011bny na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Gymn\u00e1zia Sokolov, a s jejich pomoc\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm odraz doby v regionu p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je pr\u00e1ce s pam\u011btn\u00edky, ov\u0161em v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je tato nab\u00eddka ji\u017e velmi omezena, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vzhledem k jejich v\u011bku. Mnoho pam\u011btn\u00edk\u016f druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky tak\u00e9 ji\u017e zem\u0159elo a zale\u017e\u00ed jen na u\u010ditelov\u00fdch schopnostech, zda se mu poda\u0159\u00ed kontaktovat nap\u0159\u00edklad sokolovskou pobo\u010dku Svazu bojovn\u00edk\u016f za svobodu a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu pam\u011btn\u00edka domluvit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velmi dobrou mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak \u017e\u00e1ky se zaj\u00edmav\u00fdmi m\u00edsty a jejich d\u011bjinami vztahuj\u00edc\u00edmi se ke druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce sezn\u00e1mit, je p\u0159\u00edmo tato m\u00edsta nav\u0161t\u00edvit v r\u00e1mci exkurze. Tuto lze vykonat b\u011bhem jednoho dne a ani ujet\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1, tak\u017ee \u010dasov\u00e1 a finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dnost nebude pro \u017e\u00e1ky v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem. Tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed probl\u00e9mem dop\u0159edu p\u0159ipravit pl\u00e1n akce a pracovn\u00ed listy pro \u017e\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem exkurze m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt samotn\u00fd Sokolov, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pomn\u00edk na s\u00eddli\u0161ti V\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e1, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 m\u00edsto, kde st\u00e1la b\u00fdval\u00e1 kas\u00e1rna \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. V nich byl v letech 1941\u20131945 um\u00edst\u011bn v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd lazaret pro nemocn\u00e9 a pr\u00e1ce neschopn\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 zajatce. V\u00edce jak 2300 jich zde zem\u0159elo a jsou poh\u0159beni v sousedstv\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho h\u0159bitova, kde je tak\u00e9 vzty\u010den monument\u00e1ln\u00ed pam\u00e1tn\u00edk. I toto m\u00edsto lze s \u017e\u00e1ky nav\u0161t\u00edvit. K dopln\u011bn\u00ed exkurze by nem\u011bla chyb\u011bt n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva sokolovsk\u00e9ho muzea, kde lze zhl\u00e9dnout zhruba 30minutov\u00fd film, kter\u00fd na konci v\u00e1lky v lazaretu nato\u010dila americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. Z\u00e1b\u011bry vyhubl\u00fdch mrtv\u00fdch t\u011bl sov\u011btsk\u00fdch zajatc\u016f p\u016fsob\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b ot\u0159esn\u011b, av\u0161ak zcela autenticky. Film je nav\u00edc prom\u00edt\u00e1n v expozici p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fd koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor ve Svatav\u011b. Tato expozice by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt vynech\u00e1na, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e samotn\u00fd are\u00e1l t\u00e1bora by m\u011bl b\u00fdt dal\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem exkurze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V muzeu lze tak\u00e9 zhl\u00e9dnout v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f pan\u00ed Evy Erbenov\u00e9 nato\u010denou p\u0159i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b sokolovsk\u00e9ho gymn\u00e1zia roku 2010. Tato \u017eena se jako 14let\u00e1 d\u00edvka \u00fa\u010dastnila na konci v\u00e1lky tzv. pochodu smrti, jen\u017e sm\u011b\u0159oval z Bavorska do ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech. P\u0159i zast\u00e1vce v \u017eensk\u00e9m koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e ve Svatav\u011b j\u00ed tu p\u0159ed o\u010dima zem\u0159ela matka a jej\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f lze velmi dob\u0159e vyu\u017e\u00edt k v\u00fduce o holocaustu. Sokolovsk\u00e9 muzeum m\u00e1 nav\u00edc p\u0159ipraveny pro \u017e\u00e1ky i pracovn\u00ed listy a cel\u00fd v\u00fdukov\u00fd program k tomuto t\u00e9matu, v\u010detn\u011b dokument\u00e1rn\u00edho filmu, kter\u00fd byl dle p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu Evy Erbenov\u00e9 nato\u010den.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zm\u00ednkou o Ev\u011b Erbenov\u00e9 a muzejn\u00ed expozici jsme se dotkli dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zast\u00e1vky, a sice are\u00e1lu b\u00fdval\u00e9ho \u017eensk\u00e9ho koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora ve Svatav\u011b-Podles\u00ed. Na m\u00edst\u011b t\u00e1bora je dnes ji\u017e jen pam\u00e1tn\u00edk a zbytky t\u00e1borov\u00e9ho oplocen\u00ed. V letech 1943\u20131945 pro\u0161lo t\u00edmto t\u00e1borem na 3500 \u017een, kter\u00e9 musely v nedalek\u00e9 a dosud stoj\u00edc\u00ed tov\u00e1rn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bt leteck\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky. Koncem v\u00e1lky tudy proch\u00e1zelo n\u011bkolik tzv. pochod\u016f smrti, zejm\u00e9na \u017eidovsk\u00fdch v\u011bze\u0148ky\u0148. Celkem v t\u00e1bo\u0159e zem\u0159elo na 80\u2013100 \u017een, \u010d\u00edslo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. S \u017e\u00e1ky lze tak\u00e9 zhl\u00e9dnout informa\u010dn\u00ed desku a rybn\u00ed\u010dek v are\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil k trest\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bze\u0148ky\u0148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pomn\u00edky<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pomn\u00edky v Habartov\u011b a ve Svatav\u011b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jako dal\u0161\u00ed zast\u00e1vku je mo\u017eno zvolit dv\u011b nedalek\u00e9 obce, Habartov a Krajkovou. Ob\u011b sehr\u00e1ly svou tragickou \u00falohu v roce 1938, kdy v \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9m pohrani\u010d\u00ed propuklo povst\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch nacist\u016f proti \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdm org\u00e1n\u016fm. Ozbrojen\u00e9 st\u0159ety v Habartov\u011b a Krajkov\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1daly celkem 14 lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f, \u010cech\u016f i N\u011bmc\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 byli t\u011b\u017ece zran\u011bni. V Krajkov\u00e9 lze nav\u0161t\u00edvit m\u00edsto trag\u00e9die p\u0159ed budovou radnice, na kter\u00e9 je um\u00edst\u011bna i pam\u011btn\u00ed deska. V Habartov\u011b lze pot\u00e9 krom\u011b pam\u00e1tn\u00edku nav\u0161t\u00edvit i mal\u00e9 muzeum, z v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti v\u011bnovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b ud\u00e1lostem roku 1938 na Sokolovsku. Po p\u0159edchoz\u00ed domluv\u011b je mo\u017eno objednat i odborn\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodce po expozici, a to v dobov\u00e9 uniform\u011b, co\u017e \u017e\u00e1ky jist\u011b pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed a zaujme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pomn\u00edk<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pomn\u00edk na Bublav\u011b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u010dasu a mo\u017enost\u00ed lze jako dal\u0161\u00ed alternativu zvolit obec Bublavu, kde stoj\u00ed mal\u00fd pam\u00e1tn\u00edk v\u011bnovan\u00fd dal\u0161\u00edm t\u0159em ob\u011btem nacistick\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed ze z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1938. Z\u00e1hodno by bylo t\u00e9\u017e doj\u00edt se \u017e\u00e1ky a\u017e ke st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranici, kde st\u00e1vala budova celnice. U n\u00ed cel\u00fd bublavsk\u00fd incident vlastn\u011b za\u010dal. Na p\u0159\u00edkladu ji\u017e neexistuj\u00edc\u00edch budov na \u010desk\u00e9 stran\u011b hranic lze tak\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm osv\u011btlit pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd odsun n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho obyvatelstva a neblahou dobu po roce 1948, kdy bylo p\u0159i hranic\u00edch z\u0159\u00edzeno tzv. hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1smo. Prakticky v\u0161echny budovy na \u010desk\u00e9 stran\u011b byly v tomto p\u00e1smu do hloubky n\u011bkolika kilometr\u016f zni\u010deny, kde\u017eto na n\u011bmeck\u00e9 stran\u011b, p\u0159\u00edmo u hranic, budovy dosud stoj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud by opravdu byl exkurzi v\u011bnov\u00e1n cel\u00fd den, je tak\u00e9 mo\u017eno dojet do obce P\u0159ebuz a odtud se p\u011b\u0161ky vydat k are\u00e1lu b\u00fdval\u00e9ho c\u00ednov\u00e9ho dolu, jeho\u017e trosky dodnes existuj\u00ed a p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e byl za v\u00e1lky z\u0159\u00edzen pracovn\u00ed t\u00e1bor hlavn\u011b sov\u011btsk\u00fdch a francouzsk\u00fdch zajatc\u016f. Na z\u00e1v\u011br lze nav\u0161t\u00edvit na p\u0159ebuzsk\u00e9m h\u0159bitov\u011b hrob n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho poru\u010d\u00edka Adalberta Kapperera, jen\u017e byl pro \u00fadajnou zbab\u011blost ob\u011b\u0161en vlastn\u00edmi \u00fa\u0159ady na konci v\u00e1lky, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b 20. dubna 1945. T\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edkladem nesmyslnosti a absurdity v\u00e1lky lze celou exkurzi ukon\u010dit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci jednodenn\u00ed exkurze nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvit v\u0161echna m\u00edsta, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jen na pedagogovi, jak\u00e1 m\u00edsta zvol\u00ed a v jak\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m sledu a objemu je se \u017e\u00e1ky nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: Vladim\u00edr Bru\u017ee\u0148\u00e1k<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma novodob\u00fdch d\u011bjin 20. stolet\u00ed n\u011bkdy \u010din\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fduce d\u011bjepisu probl\u00e9my, zejm\u00e9na vzhledem k jejich obs\u00e1hlosti, slo\u017eitosti \u010di politick\u00e9mu zabarven\u00ed. P\u0159i v\u00fduce t\u00e9to l\u00e1tky b\u00fdv\u00e1 pro \u017e\u00e1ky zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm srovn\u00e1n\u00edm a mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak jim tyto d\u011bjiny p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit, vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f z region\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011bjin. Sokolovsko nab\u00edz\u00ed na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v tomto ohledu pom\u011brn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, jak na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkladech uk\u00e1zat…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[55],"class_list":["post-171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sekce-spolecenskovedni","tag-dejepis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/171","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=171"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":172,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/171\/revisions\/172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}