{"id":150,"date":"2014-10-08T14:16:00","date_gmt":"2014-10-08T12:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/public.kvcso.cz\/?p=150"},"modified":"2020-03-29T14:20:06","modified_gmt":"2020-03-29T12:20:06","slug":"prace-s-herbarem-trochu-jinak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/?p=150","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1ce s herb\u00e1\u0159em trochu jinak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M\u00fdm c\u00edlem bylo dok\u00e1zat d\u011btem, \u017ee botanika nen\u00ed nez\u00e1\u017eivn\u00e1 v\u011bda a \u017ee pracovat r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby s herb\u00e1\u0159em m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 i nau\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opakuje se to ka\u017ed\u00fd rok. Je za\u010d\u00e1tek z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u00favodn\u00ed hodina p\u0159\u00edrodopisu 7.\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00edku. U\u010ditel seznamuje \u017e\u00e1ky s tematick\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd je v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u0161koln\u00edho roku \u010dek\u00e1. Hlavn\u00ed t\u00e9ma prvn\u00edho pololet\u00ed zn\u00ed „Obratlovci“. \u017d\u00e1ci se p\u0159edh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed, jak\u00fd refer\u00e1t budou p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161et, t\u011b\u0161\u00ed se, jak\u00e9 doma chovan\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e donesou na uk\u00e1zku do \u0161koly a jsou zv\u011bdavi na laboratorn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce s mikroskopem, kdy budou pozorovat ryb\u00ed \u0161upiny, had\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei nebo pta\u010d\u00ed p\u00edrka. O zv\u00ed\u0159atech se zkr\u00e1tka u\u010d\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 samo. N\u00e1hle n\u00e1lada ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b poklesne. To se d\u011bti dozv\u011bd\u00ed, co je \u010dek\u00e1 v druh\u00e9m pololet\u00ed. Botanika. Pojmy jako asimila\u010dn\u00ed pletivo, fotosynt\u00e9za nebo oddenkov\u00e1 hl\u00edza mnoho z\u00e1bavy \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm nenab\u00edz\u00ed. Ano, p\u00e1r p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch nad\u0161enc\u016f se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed, a\u017e bude sb\u00edrat kyti\u010dky do herb\u00e1\u0159e, ale co ostatn\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00edl pr\u00e1ce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fdm c\u00edlem bylo dok\u00e1zat d\u011btem, \u017ee botanika nen\u00ed nez\u00e1\u017eivn\u00e1 v\u011bda a \u017ee pracovat r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby s herb\u00e1\u0159em m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 i nau\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148. Z\u00e1m\u011brem bylo v pr\u016fb\u011bhu t\u0159\u00ed let vytvo\u0159it \u0161koln\u00ed n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fd herb\u00e1\u0159 na alespo\u0148 10 panelech a \u0161koln\u00ed kni\u017en\u00ed herb\u00e1\u0159 s minim\u00e1ln\u011b 100 rostlinami, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdmi. D\u00e1le metodicky a odborn\u011b pomoci \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm p\u0159i tvorb\u011b jejich vlastn\u00edch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f a co nejv\u00edce se pohybovat v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b formou exkurz\u00ed a kemp\u016f. Z\u00e1\u0161titu cel\u00e9mu pl\u00e1nu pak m\u011bl dodat botanick\u00fd krou\u017eek, kde \u017e\u00e1ci zpracov\u00e1vali nasb\u00edran\u00fd materi\u00e1l a postupn\u011b tvo\u0159ili sv\u00e9 i \u0161koln\u00ed herb\u00e1\u0159e. V\u011bt\u0161inu vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch prac\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s tvorbou herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f jsem cht\u011bl p\u0159ev\u00e9st do digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podoby tak, aby byla p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm z\u00e1jemc\u016fm snadno dostupn\u00e1. Proto byl vytvo\u0159en e-learningov\u00fd kurz s n\u00e1zvem L\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 rostliny Karlovarska<\/em>, kter\u00fd je voln\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch na\u0161\u00ed \u0161koly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tvorba \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u017d\u00e1ci byli nejd\u0159\u00edve sezn\u00e1meni s t\u00edm, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fd herb\u00e1\u0159 mus\u00ed obsahovat minim\u00e1ln\u011b 30 herb\u00e1\u0159ov\u00fdch polo\u017eek, kdy \u017e\u00e1ci budou rostliny jednak sb\u00edrat, lisovat a vlepovat do p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 \u0161ablony (viz obr. \u010d. 1) a tak\u00e9 fotit, p\u0159ekreslovat a z\u00edsk\u00e1vat informace o l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch dan\u00fdch rostlin (viz obr .\u010d. 2). \u0160ablony, podle kter\u00fdch m\u011bli \u017e\u00e1ci herb\u00e1\u0159e vytv\u00e1\u0159et, byly ulo\u017eeny v ji\u017e zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9m e-learningov\u00e9m kurzu. \u017d\u00e1ci si je tedy st\u00e1hli do sv\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a postupn\u011b vypl\u0148ovali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 1 (\u0160ablona na vylisovanou rostlinu)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 2 (\u0160ablona na vyfocenou a nakreslenou rostlinu)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017d\u00e1ci tak\u00e9 dostali seznam p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 rostlin (zejm\u00e9na l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch) z r\u016fzn\u00fdch lokalit Karlovarska, ze kter\u00e9ho m\u011bli vyb\u00edrat rostliny do sv\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem \u017e\u00e1k\u016f bylo rostliny v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b naj\u00edt, utrhnout a doma \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vylisovat. Pot\u00e9 je na botanick\u00e9m krou\u017eku pod odborn\u00fdm dohledem pedagoga za pomoci botanick\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de \u010di internetov\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u011b ur\u010dit. \u00dadaje o rostlin\u00e1ch (\u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1zev, latinsk\u00fd n\u00e1zev, \u010dele\u010f, nalezi\u0161t\u011b, jm\u00e9no sb\u011bratele, datum sb\u011bru) \u017e\u00e1ci vpisovali do sv\u00fdch \u0161ablon, kter\u00e9 po dokon\u010den\u00ed poslali na e-learningov\u00fd kurz. Po nezbytn\u00e9 kontrole a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 oprav\u011b byly \u0161ablony pedagogem vyti\u0161t\u011bny na \u010dtvrtku A4 a navr\u00e1ceny \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm. Ti potom doma nalepili zkontrolovan\u00e9 vylisovan\u00e9 rostliny pomoc\u00ed tenk\u00fdch prou\u017ek\u016f pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 izolepy na vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 \u010dtvrtky a prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st herb\u00e1\u0159 m\u011bli hotovou (viz obr. \u010d. 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 3 (Uk\u00e1zky vylisovan\u00fdch rostlin ze \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e \u017e\u00e1ci trhali rostliny do prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti herb\u00e1\u0159e, m\u011bli rovn\u011b\u017e za \u00fakol je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed utrhnut\u00edm je vyfotit. Dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce je pak \u010dekala s p\u0159ekreslov\u00e1n\u00edm rostlin, jejich\u017e obr\u00e1zky si v\u011bt\u0161inou na\u0161li na internetov\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u00edch nebo m\u011bli k dispozici kni\u017en\u00ed publikace s rostlinami na botanick\u00e9m krou\u017eku. Tam si tak\u00e9 mohli obr\u00e1zky naskenovat do elektronick\u00e9 podoby. Do p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 \u0161ablony pot\u00e9 vlo\u017eili vlastn\u00ed fotografie a naskenovan\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky. Pokud m\u011bla dan\u00e1 rostlina v jejich herb\u00e1\u0159i l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky, doplnili je do p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 kolonky. Takto hotovou pr\u00e1ci op\u011bt odevzdali na e-learningov\u00fd kurz a herb\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e9 polo\u017eky jim byly n\u00e1sledn\u011b barevn\u011b vyti\u0161t\u011bny a vr\u00e1ceny (viz obr. \u010d. 4). Do pevn\u00fdch desek pak \u017e\u00e1ci vlo\u017eili f\u00f3lie s ob\u011bma \u010d\u00e1stmi herb\u00e1\u0159e a mohli ho hotov\u00fd odevzdat pedagogovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 4 (Uk\u00e1zky vyfocen\u00fdch a p\u0159ekreslen\u00fdch rostlin ze \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tvorba \u0161koln\u00edho herb\u00e1\u0159e v n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 podob\u011b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edprava na tvorbu panel\u016f s rostlinami prob\u00edhala p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na v\u00edcedenn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch kempech a jednodenn\u00edch exkurz\u00edch. \u017d\u00e1ci sb\u00edrali rostliny na p\u011bti r\u016fzn\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch \u2013 v Pooh\u0159\u00ed, v Kru\u0161n\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch, ve Slavkovsk\u00e9m lese, v Doupovsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch a v samotn\u00fdch Karlov\u00fdch Varech. Na t\u011bchto r\u016fzn\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch tak\u00e9 rostliny fotili a na botanick\u00e9m krou\u017eku pak zpracov\u00e1vali z\u00edskan\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Ur\u010dovali a pozn\u00e1vali rostliny podle botanick\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de, su\u0161ili a lisovali nasb\u00edran\u00e9 rostliny, z\u00edsk\u00e1vali informace o l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch rostlin a p\u0159ekreslovali byliny, ke\u0159e i d\u0159eviny z r\u016fzn\u00fdch internetov\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f. Po zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed materi\u00e1lu pak do\u0161lo k samotn\u00e9 tvorb\u011b n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9ho herb\u00e1\u0159e. Bylo vytvo\u0159eno 16 r\u016fzn\u011b tematick\u00fdch panel\u016f (viz obr. \u010d. 5) \u2013 listnat\u00e9 stromy, ke\u0159e, ko\u0159en\u00ed, bylinky, p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 rostliny, ovocn\u00e9 stromy, plevel, invazn\u00ed rostliny, tr\u00e1vy, l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 rostliny apod., kter\u00e9 byly um\u00edst\u011bny na chodb\u00e1ch \u0161koly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 5 (Uk\u00e1zky vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch panel\u016f s rostlinami)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tvorba \u0161koln\u00edho herb\u00e1\u0159e v kni\u017en\u00ed podob\u011b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jeliko\u017e se ve\u0161ker\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly ze \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f a n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch panel\u016f p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bly do elektronick\u00e9 podoby, bylo pak snaz\u0161\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et velk\u00fd \u0161koln\u00ed herb\u00e1\u0159 v kni\u017en\u00ed podob\u011b. P\u0159esto pro 150 rostlin, kter\u00e9 se v herb\u00e1\u0159i m\u011bly objevit, bylo pot\u0159eba je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fd materi\u00e1l z\u00edskat. A tak byli \u017e\u00e1ci pozitivn\u011b motivov\u00e1ni formou celo\u0161koln\u00ed botanick\u00e9 olympi\u00e1dy, kdy se sout\u011b\u017eilo o nejlep\u0161\u00edho botanika a nejlep\u0161\u00ed botanick\u00fd t\u00fdm. \u017d\u00e1ci dostali seznamy chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch rostlin a za\u010dali sb\u00edrat, fotit, p\u0159ekreslovat a vytv\u00e1\u0159et texty do herb\u00e1\u0159e. Za ka\u017edou pr\u00e1ci pak dost\u00e1vali body a na konci \u0161koln\u00edho roku z\u00edskali nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sout\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed od veden\u00ed \u0161koly hodnotn\u00e9 v\u011bcn\u00e9 ceny. Zpracovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l byl pot\u00e9 vlo\u017een do samotn\u00e9ho herb\u00e1\u0159e, ve kter\u00e9m ji\u017e byly osnova, forma \u0159azen\u00ed rostlin \u010di grafick\u00fd vzhled vytvo\u0159eny p\u0159edem. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem vznikl elektronick\u00fd herb\u00e1\u0159 rostlin Karlovarska a po jeho vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 jeho kni\u017en\u00ed podoba (viz obr. \u010d. 6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"Herb\u00e1\u0159\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Obr. \u010d. 6 (Uk\u00e1zky rostlin z velk\u00e9ho kni\u017en\u00edho herb\u00e1\u0159e)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu t\u0159\u00ed let bylo vytvo\u0159eno v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159\u016f, p\u0159es 5000 jednotliv\u00fdch herb\u00e1\u0159ov\u00fdch list\u016f, 16 n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch panel\u016f s v\u00edce ne\u017e 130 rostlinn\u00fdmi druhy, velk\u00fd kni\u017en\u00ed herb\u00e1\u0159 s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 150 polo\u017ekami a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b obs\u00e1hl\u00fd herb\u00e1\u0159 v elektronick\u00e9 podob\u011b. \u017d\u00e1ci se tak\u00e9 aktivn\u011b z\u00fa\u010dastnili p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch kemp\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch Karlovarska a nasb\u00edrali spoustu znalost\u00ed na botanick\u00e9m krou\u017eku. Pevn\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich pochopila, \u017ee botanika nen\u00ed nez\u00e1\u017eivn\u00e1 v\u011bda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: Ladislav Hlavat\u00fd<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00fdm c\u00edlem bylo dok\u00e1zat d\u011btem, \u017ee botanika nen\u00ed nez\u00e1\u017eivn\u00e1 v\u011bda a \u017ee pracovat r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby s herb\u00e1\u0159em m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 i nau\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148. Opakuje se to ka\u017ed\u00fd rok. Je za\u010d\u00e1tek z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u00favodn\u00ed hodina p\u0159\u00edrodopisu 7.\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00edku. U\u010ditel seznamuje \u017e\u00e1ky s tematick\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem, kter\u00fd je v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u0161koln\u00edho roku \u010dek\u00e1. Hlavn\u00ed t\u00e9ma prvn\u00edho pololet\u00ed zn\u00ed „Obratlovci“. \u017d\u00e1ci…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[39,50,40],"class_list":["post-150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sekce-prirodovedna","tag-biologie","tag-herbar","tag-prirodopis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=150"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":151,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150\/revisions\/151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}