{"id":126,"date":"2014-08-18T21:40:00","date_gmt":"2014-08-18T19:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/public.kvcso.cz\/?p=126"},"modified":"2020-03-28T21:44:30","modified_gmt":"2020-03-28T20:44:30","slug":"vyuziti-excelu-v-matematice-2-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/?p=126","title":{"rendered":"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed Excelu v matematice &#8211; 2. \u010d\u00e1st"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku je zam\u011b\u0159eno na grafy a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed rovnic pomoc\u00ed tabulkov\u00e9ho kalkul\u00e1toru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Excel vyu\u017eijeme i p\u0159i tvorb\u011b graf\u016f, nap\u0159. pro v\u00fduku statistiky, a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i p\u0159i v\u00fduce grafick\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed soustav line\u00e1rn\u00edch rovnic. Zde \u017e\u00e1ci oce\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to, \u017ee pokud maj\u00ed r\u00fdsovat, ne v\u017edy se jim spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed kv\u016fli nep\u0159esnosti v r\u00fdsov\u00e1n\u00ed poda\u0159\u00ed nal\u00e9zt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vych\u00e1z\u00edme z toho, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci se v matematice nejprve u\u010d\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it soustavy rovnic po\u010detn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdmi metodami, a teprve pak p\u0159istupujeme ke grafick\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Postup grafick\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed znaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 z hodin matematiky, tak\u017ee ho s nimi p\u0159i hodin\u00e1ch informatiky stru\u010dn\u011b pouze zopakujeme. Pak p\u0159istoup\u00edme k pr\u00e1ci s Excelem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1)<\/strong>&nbsp;Ob\u011b rovnice vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed ve tvaru&nbsp;<em>y = ax + b.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2)<\/strong>&nbsp;P\u0159iprav\u00ed si dv\u011b tabulky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel13.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3)<\/strong>&nbsp;Hodnoty&nbsp;<em>x<\/em>&nbsp;zvol\u00ed libovoln\u011b (ide\u00e1ln\u011b jedno z\u00e1porn\u00e9 a jedno kladn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo). Je dobr\u00e9, pokud absolutn\u00ed hodnota zvolen\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel nen\u00ed moc velk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4)<\/strong>&nbsp;Hodnoty&nbsp;<em>y<\/em>&nbsp;zap\u00ed\u0161\u00ed ve tvaru vzorce, kter\u00fd si ur\u010dili (viz bod 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel14.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5)<\/strong>&nbsp;Pot\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eou p\u0159istoupit k tvo\u0159en\u00ed grafu. Ze z\u00e1lo\u017eky&nbsp;<em>Standardn\u00ed typy<\/em>&nbsp;vyberou&nbsp;<em>XY bodov\u00fd<\/em>&nbsp;a kliknou na&nbsp;<em>Dal\u0161\u00ed<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel15.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6)<\/strong>&nbsp;Otev\u0159e se plovouc\u00ed okno s n\u00e1zvem&nbsp;<em>Zdrojov\u00e1 data<\/em>. Jako oblast dat zvol\u00ed hodnoty z tabulky pro prvn\u00ed rovnici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel16a.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7)<\/strong>&nbsp;D\u00e1le p\u0159epnou na z\u00e1lo\u017eku&nbsp;<em>\u0158ada<\/em>&nbsp;a pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed grafu druh\u00e9 rovnice mus\u00ed p\u0159idat druhou \u0159adu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel17a.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8)<\/strong>&nbsp;Do \u0159\u00e1dku&nbsp;<em>Hodnoty X<\/em>&nbsp;mus\u00ed vybrat oblast pro hodnoty&nbsp;<em>x<\/em>&nbsp;a do \u0159\u00e1dku&nbsp;<em>Hodnoty Y<\/em>&nbsp;oblast pro hodnoty&nbsp;<em>y<\/em>&nbsp;z druh\u00e9 tabulky (tabulka pro druhou rovnici). Pot\u00e9 kliknou na&nbsp;<em>Dokon\u010dit<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel18a.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9)<\/strong>&nbsp;Vzhled v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho grafu mohou upravit podle sebe nebo podle zad\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel19.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10)<\/strong>&nbsp;O v\u00fdsledku je dobr\u00e9 v\u00e9st s \u017e\u00e1ky diskuzi \u2013 co jim vy\u0161lo, co to znamen\u00e1 pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed soustavy line\u00e1rn\u00edch rovnic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed soustav line\u00e1rn\u00edch rovnic mohou vzniknout t\u0159i situace, je t\u0159eba, aby v\u0161echny \u017e\u00e1ci vid\u011bli. Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho vyplynulo, \u017ee soustava m\u00e1&nbsp;<em>nekone\u010dn\u011b mnoho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/em>, je tedy dobr\u00e9, aby vytvo\u0159ili je\u0161t\u011b grafy na jedno \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Jedno \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel20.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1 soustava jedno \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci zvol\u00ed do tabulky za nezn\u00e1mou&nbsp;<em>x<\/em>&nbsp;takov\u00e9 hodnoty, \u017ee po vytvo\u0159en\u00ed grafu nen\u00ed vid\u011bt pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edk (viz obr\u00e1zek n\u00ed\u017ee).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel21a.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato situace op\u011bt prov\u011b\u0159\u00ed jejich matematick\u00e9 znalosti (a tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavivost), tak\u017ee je \u010das na dal\u0161\u00ed diskuzi \u2013&nbsp;<em>Co je grafem jednotliv\u00fdch line\u00e1rn\u00edch rovnic (line\u00e1rn\u00edch funkc\u00ed)?<\/em>&nbsp;[p\u0159\u00edmka],&nbsp;<em>Jak vypad\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmka?<\/em>&nbsp;[je nekone\u010dn\u00e1] = pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edk tedy maj\u00ed, jen nen\u00ed na grafu vid\u011bt. M\u016f\u017eeme se tak\u00e9 zkusit zeptat, co je nutn\u00e9 ud\u011blat, aby pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edk vid\u011bt byl, v\u011bt\u0161inou na to \u017e\u00e1ci p\u0159ijdou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmka pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed k druh\u00e9 rovnici, mus\u00ed upravit hodnoty&nbsp;<em>x<\/em>&nbsp;v druh\u00e9 tabulce tak, aby se zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmka prodlou\u017eila. Pot\u00e9 u\u017e jen \u0159eknou, jak\u00fd je spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek \u2013 v\u00fdsledkem je pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edk p\u0159\u00edmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel22a.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel23.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Diskuze \u2013 p\u0159\u00edmky nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edk, tak\u017ee soustava nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel24.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1me dostatek po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, je vhodn\u00e9, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k v\u0161echna t\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vyzkou\u0161el s\u00e1m. Kdy\u017e sed\u00ed u jednoho PC dva \u017e\u00e1ci, pak je dobr\u00e9, aby se prost\u0159\u00eddali. Ten, kter\u00fd zrovna nepracuje na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, m\u016f\u017ee pro kontrolu spo\u010d\u00edtat soustavy rovnic jinou metodou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee v modern\u00ed dob\u011b nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 tvrdo\u0161\u00edjn\u011b trvat na tom, aby v\u0161e bylo nar\u00fdsov\u00e1no &#8222;ru\u010dn\u011b&#8220;, v\u017edy\u0165 zrovna p\u0159i grafick\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed soustav rovnic nen\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jestli \u017e\u00e1k um\u00ed r\u00fdsovat, ale zda v\u00ed, jak postupovat, aby na v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el. Je jedno, jestli za pou\u017eit\u00ed prav\u00edtka a tu\u017eky nebo za pou\u017eit\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a programu, kter\u00fd mu s &#8222;r\u00fdsov\u00e1n\u00edm&#8220; pom\u016f\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Autorka: Radka Re\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku je zam\u011b\u0159eno na grafy a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed rovnic pomoc\u00ed tabulkov\u00e9ho kalkul\u00e1toru. Excel vyu\u017eijeme i p\u0159i tvorb\u011b graf\u016f, nap\u0159. pro v\u00fduku statistiky, a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i p\u0159i v\u00fduce grafick\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed soustav line\u00e1rn\u00edch rovnic. Zde \u017e\u00e1ci oce\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to, \u017ee pokud maj\u00ed r\u00fdsovat, ne v\u017edy se jim spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed kv\u016fli nep\u0159esnosti v r\u00fdsov\u00e1n\u00ed poda\u0159\u00ed nal\u00e9zt&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,7],"tags":[15,34],"class_list":["post-126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sekce-ict","category-sekce-matematiky-a-informatiky","tag-ict","tag-matematika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=126"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":127,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions\/127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}