{"id":124,"date":"2014-08-18T21:36:00","date_gmt":"2014-08-18T19:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/public.kvcso.cz\/?p=124"},"modified":"2020-03-28T21:39:59","modified_gmt":"2020-03-28T20:39:59","slug":"vyuziti-excelu-v-matematice-1-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/?p=124","title":{"rendered":"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed Excelu v matematice &#8211; 1. \u010d\u00e1st"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tabulkov\u00fdch procesor\u016f je st\u00e1le na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch trochu opom\u00edjeno. P\u0159itom je to n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako u\u010ditelka informatiky, ale tak\u00e9 matematiky, ho m\u00e1m velice r\u00e1da. Ne nadarmo se mu p\u0159ece \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 tabulkov\u00fd kalkul\u00e1tor. Ch\u00e1pu, \u017ee p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00fdch hodinov\u00fdch dotac\u00edch na v\u00fduku informatiky je velice t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159it se na prob\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed program\u016f hloub\u011bji. Mysl\u00edm si ale, \u017ee v r\u00e1mci voliteln\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f m\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u0161kola hodiny informatiky nav\u00fd\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na na\u0161\u00ed \u0161kole pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me&nbsp;<strong>MS Excel<\/strong>, ale stejn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed m\u00e1 na \u0161kol\u00e1ch Open Source program&nbsp;<strong>Calc<\/strong>&nbsp;bal\u00edku OpenOffice (nyn\u00ed u\u017e verze Apache OpenOffice) nebo LibreOffice. U n\u00e1s m\u00e1me podrobn\u011bji za\u0159azenu v\u00fduku tabulkov\u00e9ho kalkul\u00e1toru do 8.&nbsp;ro\u010dn\u00edku, kdy jsou \u017e\u00e1ci schopni pochopit trochu slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzorce, znaj\u00ed z matematiky \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed rovnic a mohou tedy tyto znalosti vyu\u017e\u00edt pro tvorbu v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edch tabulek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee mus\u00ed i zde ct\u00edt matematick\u00e1 pravidla, tak jim tato v\u00fduka slou\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 pro upev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010diva z matematiky. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed pak jen na u\u010diteli informatiky, jak\u00e9 \u00fakoly bude \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm zad\u00e1vat, jakou matematickou oblast chce podporovat. \u017d\u00e1ci mohou nap\u0159\u00edklad tvo\u0159it tabulky na v\u00fdpo\u010dty obvod\u016f a obsah\u016f obrazc\u016f, povrch\u016f a objem\u016f t\u011bles, Pythagorovy v\u011bty apod. \u2013 upev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vzorc\u016f. V hodin\u00e1ch informatiky samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed si nemohou vybavit spr\u00e1vn\u00fd vzorec, aby si ho vyhledali na internetu (\u010d\u00edm\u017e napl\u0148uj\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st &#8222;vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed&#8220;). To, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1k vzorec vyhled\u00e1, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee se matematicky nevzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1. Vzorec mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159epsat do programu tak, aby byly v\u00fdpo\u010dty v tabulce spr\u00e1vn\u00e9. Pokud tedy nedodr\u017e\u00ed logiku zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vzorce, pouze nalezen\u00fd vzorec je mu k ni\u010demu, v\u00fdpo\u010det spr\u00e1vn\u00fd nebude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem lze upev\u0148ovat nap\u0159. i u\u010divo z fyziky (v\u00fdpo\u010det rychlosti t\u011bles, hustoty l\u00e1tek, gravita\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly, \u2026). V r\u00e1mci tohoto p\u0159edm\u011btu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ekonomick\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou tvo\u0159it kombinovan\u00e9 tabulky na v\u00fdpo\u010dty spot\u0159eby elektrick\u00e9 energie a cen za spot\u0159ebovanou energii (sazbu za 1&nbsp;kWh si mohou op\u011bt naj\u00edt na internetu) apod. Op\u011bt z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed pouze na kreativit\u011b vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho. P\u0159ed samotnou prac\u00ed je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nutn\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm vysv\u011btlit, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se vzorce tvo\u0159\u00ed a probran\u00e9 u\u010divo procvi\u010dit. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je pot\u0159eba upozornit na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidla pro tvorbu vzorc\u016f v Excelu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ka\u017ed\u00fd vzorec mus\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednat znakem =.<\/li><li>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat matematick\u00e1 pravidla.<\/li><li>Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159i tvorb\u011b vzorc\u016f nezad\u00e1v\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 konstanty, ale odkazy na bu\u0148ky.<\/li><li>P\u0159i tvorb\u011b vzorc\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me matematick\u00e9 oper\u00e1tory (s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed&nbsp;+, od\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed &nbsp;\u2013, n\u00e1soben\u00ed&nbsp;*, d\u011blen\u00ed&nbsp;\/, umoc\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed&nbsp;^). Oper\u00e1tor pro umoc\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme napsat nap\u0159. pomoc\u00ed kl\u00e1vesy ALT+94.<\/li><li>Pozor na zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zlomk\u016f! Nap\u0159. zlomek (7\u20133)\/(2+2) nelze zadat 7\u20133\/2+2. Tady je vhodn\u00e9 zeptat se \u017e\u00e1k\u016f pro\u010d?. V\u011bt\u0161inou na to p\u0159ijdou sami, \u010d\u00edm\u017e op\u011bt podporujeme jejich matematick\u00e9 uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. A kdy\u017e u\u017e v\u00ed, pro\u010d nejsou uveden\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady stejn\u00e9, v\u011bt\u0161inou tak\u00e9 sami navrhnou jako \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed dopln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vorek.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00ed v\u00fdkladu je mo\u017en\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b procvi\u010dit na kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00edch nap\u0159. na interaktivn\u00ed tabuli. Lze tak\u00e9 stejn\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed zadat formou pracovn\u00edch list\u016f, nebo jen prom\u00edtnout na jak\u00e9koliv pl\u00e1tno a o spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledc\u00edch diskutovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uk\u00e1zky cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel1.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 2<br><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel2.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 3<br><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel3.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 4<br><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel4.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 5<br><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel5.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 6<br><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel6.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 7<br><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel8.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 8<br><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel9.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<em>Cvi\u010den\u00ed 9<br><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel10.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;Praktick\u00e1 \u00faloha<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel11.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/metodik.kvcso.cz\/storage\/obrazky\/excel\/excel12.jpg\" alt=\"Excel v matematice\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u011bchto n\u011bkolik uk\u00e1zek m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jako inspirace u\u010ditel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed nau\u010dit \u017e\u00e1ky vyu\u017e\u00edvat tabulkov\u00fd procesor nejen pro tvorbu prost\u00fdch tabulek, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po pochopen\u00ed tvorby vzorc\u016f pokra\u010dujeme z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi funkcemi, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme op\u011bt vyu\u017e\u00edt pro upevn\u011bn\u00ed u\u010diva z dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm funkce SUMA, PR\u016eM\u011aR, MAX, MIN. Pokud vid\u00edm, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1ci nemaj\u00ed s prac\u00ed se vzorci a funkcemi probl\u00e9m, za\u0159azuji tak\u00e9 v\u00fduku logick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed KDY\u017d, A, NEBO a jednoduch\u00e9 \u00falohy na jejich procvi\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Autorka: Radka Re\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e1<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed tabulkov\u00fdch procesor\u016f je st\u00e1le na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch trochu opom\u00edjeno. P\u0159itom je to n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Jako u\u010ditelka informatiky, ale tak\u00e9 matematiky, ho m\u00e1m velice r\u00e1da. Ne nadarmo se mu p\u0159ece \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 tabulkov\u00fd kalkul\u00e1tor. Ch\u00e1pu, \u017ee p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00fdch hodinov\u00fdch dotac\u00edch na v\u00fduku informatiky je velice t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159it se na prob\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed program\u016f hloub\u011bji. Mysl\u00edm&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,7],"tags":[15,34],"class_list":["post-124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sekce-ict","category-sekce-matematiky-a-informatiky","tag-ict","tag-matematika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":125,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124\/revisions\/125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}