{"id":112,"date":"2013-05-20T21:15:00","date_gmt":"2013-05-20T19:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/public.kvcso.cz\/?p=112"},"modified":"2020-03-28T21:18:07","modified_gmt":"2020-03-28T20:18:07","slug":"pocitacova-grafika-aneb-jak-se-orientovat-na-pomezi-informatiky-a-vytvarne-vychovy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/?p=112","title":{"rendered":"Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika aneb Jak se orientovat na pomez\u00ed informatiky a v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V dob\u011b intenzivn\u011b se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch modern\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed a jejich postupn\u00e9ho za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed do vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu se m\u016f\u017ee jednat o velice zaj\u00edmavou alternativu obsahov\u00e9 n\u00e1pln\u011b v\u00fduky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika je z technick\u00e9ho hlediska obor informatiky, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de k tvorb\u011b um\u011bl\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch objekt\u016f a d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 na \u00fapravu zobraziteln\u00fdch a prostorov\u00fdch informac\u00ed, nasn\u00edman\u00fdch z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta (nap\u0159\u00edklad digit\u00e1ln\u00ed fotografie a jejich \u00faprava, filmov\u00e9 triky). Z hlediska um\u011bn\u00ed jde o samostatnou kategorii grafiky.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Zdroj: Wikipedia<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle uveden\u00e9 definice lze dovednosti z oblasti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky za\u0159adit do obsahu p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f Informatika<\/em>nebo V\u00fdtvarn\u00e1 v\u00fdchova<\/em>. Vzhledem k dostupn\u00fdm mo\u017enostem se jedn\u00e1 o oblast vysoce atraktivn\u00ed jak pro \u017e\u00e1ky, tak pro vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed. C\u00edlem je nau\u010dit \u017e\u00e1ky z\u00e1klady teorie, technologii, postupy a dovednosti v oblasti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky a multim\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee ve \u0161kole dojde k rozhodnut\u00ed za\u0159adit do \u0161koln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho pl\u00e1nu n\u011bkter\u00e9 obory po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky, je nutn\u00e9 zodpov\u011bd\u011bt n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kladn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Do kter\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed oblasti a kter\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou grafiku za\u0159adit?<\/li>
  2. Kdo bude vyu\u010dovat po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou grafiku?<\/li>
  3. Jak\u00e9 technick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky budou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fduky po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky?<\/li>
  4. Jak\u00fd bude konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obsah po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky?<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Vzhledem k definici po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky se nab\u00edzej\u00ed dv\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee k n\u00ed p\u0159istoup\u00edme jako k oboru informatiky, je zde optim\u00e1ln\u00ed varianta v \u00faprav\u011b \u0160VP v p\u0159edm\u011btu Informatika a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technika. Jedn\u00e1 se o relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd z\u00e1sah do obsahu a n\u011bkter\u00e1 t\u00e9mata lze vlo\u017eit do obsahu p\u0159edm\u011btu v libovoln\u00e9m ro\u010dn\u00edku. Stejn\u011b tak lze \u0159e\u0161it \u00fapravu pl\u00e1nu v r\u00e1mci p\u0159edm\u011btu V\u00fdtvarn\u00e1 v\u00fdchova, pokud k po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafice p\u0159istoup\u00edme jako k um\u011bleck\u00e9mu oboru. Osobn\u011b bych na z\u00e1klad\u011b letit\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed doporu\u010dil zcela syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed \u2013 vznik samostatn\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika v r\u00e1mci vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed oblasti \u010clov\u011bk a um\u011bn\u00ed, nebo\u0165 klasick\u00e9 v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy \u017e\u00e1ci od zah\u00e1jen\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky absolvuj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017enou v\u011bt\u0161inu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"2D<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    7. ro\u010dn\u00edk – 2D kreslen\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    S rozhodnut\u00edm za\u0159adit v\u00fduku po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed, kdo bude tento obor vyu\u010dovat. Na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u0161kol je v sou\u010dasnosti stav, \u017ee vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 znalosti pro po\u017eadovan\u00e9 IT dovednosti a naopak vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm informatiky chyb\u00ed v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady. Definitivn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed je pak na dohod\u011b vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch a veden\u00ed \u0161koly. Velmi zaj\u00edmavou alternativou je pak nap\u0159. spolupr\u00e1ce obou vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch, kdy dojde k organiza\u010dn\u00edmu rozd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011btu V\u00fdtvarn\u00e1 v\u00fdchova na 2 r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty (VV a PGr), nebo v\u00fduka v d\u011blen\u00fdch dvout\u00fddenn\u00edch cyklech. Na na\u0161\u00ed \u0161kole se velice osv\u011bd\u010dila zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce, kdy se da\u0159\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et tematick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ci zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed i klasick\u00fdmi v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdmi technikami. Nev\u00fdhodou tohoto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je pot\u0159eba vhodn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f nebo nutnost d\u011blen\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy na skupiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Technick\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed v\u00fduky po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky lze zajistit ji\u017e s nulov\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady. Sta\u010d\u00ed standardn\u00ed vybaven\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 u\u010debny. Pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 softwarov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat jen vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm freeware. Optim\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je ale vybaven\u00ed u\u010debny grafick\u00fdmi polohovac\u00edmi tablety a digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi fotoapar\u00e1ty. Komer\u010dn\u00ed software je mo\u017en\u00fd, ale nen\u00ed nezbytn\u00fd. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klad ve v\u00fd\u0161i cca. 4.000,- K\u010d na jeden po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Z<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    8. ro\u010dn\u00edk – pr\u00e1ce s fotografi\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Obsahov\u011b lze do v\u00fduky po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky za\u0159adit rozs\u00e1hlou plej\u00e1du v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdch t\u00e9mat \u2013 2D grafika (malov\u00e1n\u00ed, grafitti, kol\u00e1\u017ee), po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed fotografi\u00ed (fotografick\u00e9 techniky, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a pokro\u010dil\u00e9 \u00fapravy fotografi\u00ed, fotomont\u00e1\u017ee), vektorov\u00e1 grafika, 3D grafika (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed modelov\u00e1n\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed CAD). V\u00fdsledky sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce pak mohou \u017e\u00e1ci publikovat v\u010detn\u011b doprovodn\u00fdch koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f na vlastn\u00edch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch (freehostingov\u00e9 slu\u017eby). P\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fdmi obr\u00e1zky vznikl\u00fdmi p\u0159i hodin\u00e1ch Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky na na\u0161\u00ed \u0161kole lze dolo\u017eit, \u017ee se podobn\u011b koncipovan\u00e1 v\u00fduka m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t velmi atraktivn\u00edm a obl\u00edben\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011btem. Dal\u0161\u00ed uk\u00e1zky \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch prac\u00ed lze shl\u00e9dnout na jednotliv\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1kovsk\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Vektorov\u00e1<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    9. ro\u010dn\u00edk – vektorov\u00e1 grafika<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Na z\u00e1v\u011br uv\u00e1d\u00edm zp\u016fsob implementace v\u00fduky po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 grafiky a v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy do \u0161koln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho pl\u00e1nu na na\u0161\u00ed \u0161kole:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ro\u010dn\u00edk<\/strong><\/td>Po\u010det hodin VV<\/strong><\/td>Po\u010det hodin PGr<\/strong><\/td>Obsah PGr<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    6.<\/td>2 hodiny<\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
    7.<\/td>1 hodina(1 dvouhodinovka za 2 t\u00fddny)<\/em><\/td>1 hodina t\u00fddn\u011b(1 dvouhodinovka za 2 t\u00fddny)<\/em><\/td>2D grafika (malov\u00e1n\u00ed, grafitti, kol\u00e1\u017ee)<\/td><\/tr>
    8.<\/td> <\/td>1 hodina(1 dvouhodinovka za 2 t\u00fddny)<\/em><\/td>z\u00e1klady fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed fotografi\u00ed<\/td><\/tr>
    9.<\/td> <\/td>1 hodina(1 dvouhodinovka za 2 t\u00fddny)<\/em><\/td>vektorov\u00e1 grafika, z\u00e1klady 3D grafiky<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Autor: Milan \u0160atra<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    V dob\u011b intenzivn\u011b se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch modern\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed a jejich postupn\u00e9ho za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed do vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho procesu se m\u016f\u017ee jednat o velice zaj\u00edmavou alternativu obsahov\u00e9 n\u00e1pln\u011b v\u00fduky. „Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 grafika je z technick\u00e9ho hlediska obor informatiky, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de k tvorb\u011b um\u011bl\u00fdch grafick\u00fdch objekt\u016f a d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 na \u00fapravu zobraziteln\u00fdch a prostorov\u00fdch informac\u00ed, nasn\u00edman\u00fdch z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta (nap\u0159\u00edklad…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,7],"tags":[32,15,33],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sekce-ict","category-sekce-matematiky-a-informatiky","tag-grafika","tag-ict","tag-informatika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":113,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions\/113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucitel.kvcso.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}